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한의/한약

노근(한의-한약(약초)-청열약-청열사화약)

by Viscioushappiness 2023. 2. 20.

 

 

 

노근

 

Reed rhizome is known as "Lu Gen" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is used for its cooling and clearing properties. It's believed to have a sweet and mellow taste and a cold nature. In TCM, reed rhizome is used to treat a variety of conditions, including complications, coughs, thirst, and nausea. Reed rhizome is used in TCM to clear heat and relieve perversity. It's believed to be effective in reducing complications, especially those that are accompanied by thirst and perversity. It's also generally used to treat coughs, especially those that are dry and non-productive. Reed rhizome is believed to have a moisturizing effect on the lungs and can help to relieve coughs and reduce inflammation in the respiratory system. In addition to its use for respiratory conditions, reed rhizome is also used in TCM to relieve thirst and nausea. It's believed to have a moistening effect on the body and can help to relieve a dry mouth and throat. Reed rhizome is also used to treat digestive diseases, including puking and diarrhea. It's believed to have a soothing effect on the stomach and can help reduce inflammation and vexation in the digestive system. Reed rhizome is generally used in TCM as a decoction, which is a type of tea made by boiling the plant in water. It's frequently combined with other sauces to produce a formula that's adapted to the specific requirements of the individual case. The lozenge and duration of treatment will depend on the specific condition being treated and the inflexibility of the symptoms. While reed hizome is generally considered safe when used correctly, it may interact with specifics and should be used with caution in cases involving certain medical conditions. As with any TCM treatment, it's important to consult with a certified guru before using Reed Rhizome or any other herbal remedy.

 

중국 전통 의학(TCM)에서 Reed Rhizome은 "Lu Gen"으로 알려져 있으며 냉각 및 정화 특성에 사용됩니다. 맛은 달고 담백하며 성질은 차갑다고 합니다. TCM에서 Reed Rhizome은 발열, 기침, 갈증 및 메스꺼움을 포함한 다양한 상태를 치료하는 데 사용됩니다.

Reed Rhizome은 TCM에서 열을 제거하고 과민성을 완화하는 데 사용됩니다. 열, 특히 갈증과 과민성을 동반하는 열을 줄이는 데 효과적인 것으로 여겨집니다. 또한 일반적으로 기침, 특히 건조하고 비생산적인 기침을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다. Reed Rhizome은 폐에 보습 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며 기침을 완화하고 호흡기의 염증을 줄이는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

Reed Rhizome은 호흡기 질환에 사용하는 것 외에도 갈증과 메스꺼움을 완화하기 위해 TCM에서도 사용됩니다. 몸에 보습 효과가 있으며 입과 목의 건조를 완화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다고 믿어집니다. Reed Rhizome은 구토와 설사를 포함한 소화 장애를 치료하는 데에도 사용됩니다. 그것은 위에 진정 효과가 있다고 믿어지고 소화 시스템의 염증과 자극을 줄이는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

Reed Rhizome은 일반적으로 TCM에서 물에 식물을 끓여서 만든 차의 일종인 달인으로 사용됩니다. 그것은 종종 개별 환자의 특정 요구에 맞는 공식을 만들기 위해 다른 허브와 결합됩니다. 치료 용량과 기간은 치료할 특정 상태와 증상의 중증도에 따라 다릅니다.

Reed Rhizome은 일반적으로 적절하게 사용하면 안전한 것으로 간주되지만 특정 약물과 상호 작용할 수 있으므로 특정 의학적 상태의 환자에게는 주의해서 사용해야 합니다. TCM 치료와 마찬가지로 Reed Rhizome 또는 다른 약초 요법을 사용하기 전에 면허가 있는 개업의와 상담하는 것이 중요합니다.

 

 

芦根

 

【别名】芦茅根、苇根、芦菰根、顺江龙、水蓈蔃、芦柴根、芦通、苇子根、芦芽根、甜梗子、芦头

 

【汉语拼音】lu gen

 

【名称英】Phragmitis Rhizoma。

 

【成份】芦根含薏苡素,以及蛋白质5%、脂肪1%、碳水化物51%、天门冬酰胺0.1%。芦苇含纤维素48~54%、木质素约18.2%、木聚糖约12.4%、灰分2.8%。多糖水解产生D-木糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和两种糖醛酸。另含多量维生素B1、B2和C,以及苜蓿素。

 

【加工采集】春、夏,秋挖取,洗净泥土,剪去残茎、芽及节上须根,剥去膜状叶,晒干。或埋于湿沙中以供鲜用。

 

【药材鉴别】①鲜芦根
又名:活水芦根。呈长圆柱形或扁圆柱形,长短不一,直径约1.5厘米。表面黄白色,有光泽,先端尖形似竹笋,绿色或黄绿色。全体有节,节间长10~17厘米,节上有残留的须根及芽痕。质轻而韧,不易折断。横切面黄白色,中空,周壁厚约1.5毫米,可见排列成环的细孔,外皮疏松,可以剥离。气无,味甘。

②干芦根
呈压扁的长圆柱形。表面有光泽,黄白色,节部较硬,显红黄色,节间有纵皱纹。质轻而柔韧,不易折断,气无,味微甘。均以条粗壮、黄白色、有光泽、无须根、质嫩者为佳。
全国各地均有生产。

 

【药理作用】

1.本品所含的薏苡素对骨骼肌有抑制作用,能抑制蛙神经肌肉标本的电刺激所引起的收缩反应及大鼠膈肌的氧摄取和无氧糖酵解,并能抑制肌动蛋白-三磷酸腺甙系统的反应,还有比较弱的中枢抑制作用,表现为对大鼠及小鼠均有镇静作用,并能与咖啡因相拮抗。在家兔的脑电图上,出现波幅增大,频率减少,显示对中枢神经系统的机能有抑制现象。在大鼠尾部电刺激试验中,有镇痛作用,强度与氨基比林相似。有解热作用,对TTG(Pseu-domonas fluorescens菌体的精制复合多糖类)性发热的解热作用较好,对二硝基酚引起的发热无甚作用。对多突触反射(猫腓神经-腓肠肌标本)有短暂的抑制作用。静脉注射可引起家兔血压短暂下降,皮下注射可使血糖略有下降,对离体蟾蜍心脏及离体兔肠均呈抑制作用,对兔耳血管无明显影响。其毒性很低,小鼠口服0.5g/(kg.d),lmo未引起异常改变。2.本品所含的苜蓿素对离体豚鼠肠管有松弛作用,在2×l0(-5)浓度时,能显着抑制离体兔小肠收缩。4mg注入在位兔小肠腔,可使蠕动收缩减慢。每天给于大鼠口服2mg,可使血中甲状腺素显着增高。并有轻度抗氧化作用,可防止肾上腺素的氧化。有轻度雌激素样作用。尚有抗癌作用,6和12.5mg对小鼠P388的T/C为133和174%。

 

【炮制】切段。

 

【功能主治】清热,生津,除烦,止呕。治热病烦渴,胃热呕吐,噎膈,反胃,肺痿,肺痈。并解河豚鱼毒。

 

①《别录》:"主消渴客热,止小便利。"

②《药性论》:"能解大热,开胃。治噎哕不止。"

③《唐本草》:"疗呕逆不下食、胃中热、伤寒患者弥良。"

④《日华子本草》:"治寒热时疾烦闷,妊孕人心热,并泻痢人渴。"

⑤《日用本草》:"解河豚鱼毒。"

⑥《本草蒙筌》:"解酒毒、鱼蟹中毒。"

⑦《本草原始》:"治干呕霍乱。"

⑧《玉楸药解》:"清降肺胃,消荡郁烦,生津止渴,除呕下食,治噎哕懊憹。"

⑨《医林纂要》:"能渗湿行水,疗肺痈。"

⑩《天宝本草》:"清心益肾,去目雾,头晕,耳鸣,疮毒,夜梦颠倒,遗精。"

⑾《中国药植志》:"治便秘。"

⑿《南京民间药草》:"治喉痛。"

⒀《山东中药》:"治浮肿。"

⒁《四川中药志》:"治斑疹舌燥及津少。"【性味】甘,寒。

①《别录》:"味甘,寒。"

②《药性论》:"无毒。"

③《本草再新》:"味甘苦,性微寒,无毒。"

④《陆川本草》:"甘淡,微寒。"

入肺、胃经。

①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肺、胃二经。"

②《得配本草》:"入手少阴、太阴经血分。"

③《要药分剂》:"入肺、脾、肾三经。"

④《本草再新》:"入肝、脾二经。"

 

 

【用法用量】内服:煎汤,0.5~1两(鲜者2~4两);或捣汁。

 

【宜忌】脾胃虚寒者忌服。

《本草经疏》:"因寒霍乱阼胀,因寒呕吐勿服。"

 

【贮藏】干芦根置干燥处;鲜芦根埋于湿沙中。

 

【归经】归经_肺经

 

【备注】(1)本品常配合麦冬、天花粉以清热生津;配竹茹、枇杷叶以清热止呕;配瓜蒌皮、知母、浙贝以清肺止咳;配冬瓜子、生苡仁、桃仁以清肺排脓。 (2)芦根一药,临床上主要用于下列二个方面,既能清肺热而祛痰排脓,又能清胃热而生津止呕。它虽属性寒,但味甘淡而力,用清肺胃,只能作为辅助的药品。不过,它有一优点,即性不滋腻,生津而不恋邪,凡温病热恋卫、气,或热病后如有伤津口渴的证候,都可应用。苇茎汤原用芦苇的地上茎,不是芦苇的根茎,但因一般药店不备,故以芦根代替,临床使用已久,这说明苇茎和芦根的作用相同。故在农村合作医疗站中可以采集新鲜的芦根和苇茎同用,不但可节约挖掘芦根的人力,且可扩大药源。

 

【植物形态】芦苇,又名:苇、葭(《诗经》),芦(《别录》),芦竹(《药对》),蒲苇(《圣济总录》),苇子草(《救荒本草》),禾杂竹、水芦竹。
多年生高大草本,具有匍匐状地下茎,粗壮,横走,节间中空,每节上具芽。茎高2~5米,节下通常具白粉。叶2列式排列,具叶鞘;叶鞘抱茎,无毛或具细毛;叶灰绿色或蓝绿色,较宽,线状披针形,长30~60厘米,宽2~5厘米,粗糙,先端渐尖;叶舌长1~2毫米,成一轮毛状。圆锥花序大形,顶生,直立,有时稍弯曲,长15~25厘米,有时或更长;小穗长9~12毫米,暗紫色或褐紫色,稀淡黄色;颖披针形,内颖比外颖长约1倍;第1花通常为雄性,其外稃长8~15毫米,内稃长3~4毫米,脊上粗糙;第2外稃长9~16毫米,先端长渐尖,基盘具长6~12毫米之柔毛;两性花具雄蕊3,雌蕊1,花柱2,柱头羽状。颖果,椭圆形至长圆形,与内外稃分离。花期9~10月。
生长于河流、池沼岸边浅水中。全国大部地区均有分布。
本植物的茎(芦茎)、叶(芦叶)、嫩苗(芦笋)、箨叶(芦竹箨)、花(芦花)等亦供药用;各详专条。

 

【临床应用】用量15~ 30克,内服煎汤,治疗热病烦渴、胃热呕哕、肺热咳嗽、肺痈吐脓、热淋涩痛。脾胃虚寒者忌服。治太阴温病、口渴甚、吐白沫黏滞不快者:梨汁、荸荠汁、鲜苇根汁、麦冬汁、藕汁,临用时斟酌多少,和匀凉服,不甚喜凉者,重汤炖温服。

 

【药用部位】为禾本科植物芦苇的根茎。

 

 

 

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