담죽엽(한의-한약(약초)-청열약-청열사화약)

 

 

담죽엽

 

In oriental medicine, Lophatherum gracile, also known as bamboo lawn or Japanese timber lawn, has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of affections. It's believed to have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and diuretic properties and is used to treat conditions similar to fever, cough, and inflammation. In traditional Chinese medicine, Lophatherum gracile is considered to have a sweet and cold nature and is effective in clearing heat and promoting urination. It's generally used to treat complications, coughs, and other respiratory conditions, as well as edema and difficulty urinating. In Korean traditional medicine, Lophatherum gracile is known as "daesang." It's believed to have a cooling effect on the body and is used to treat complications, inflammation, and urinary tract infections. It's also used as a diuretic and to promote digestion. Lophatherum gracile contains a variety of active compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids. Flavonoids have been set up to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Saponins are well-known for their ability to lower cholesterol and strengthen the immune system. Phenolic acids are antioxidants that can help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. Ultramodern exploration has delved into the implicit health benefits of Lophatherum gracile. Studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A water extract of Lophatherum gracile was set up to have significant anti-inflammatory exertion in vitro and was effective in reducing inflammation in a mouse model of acute lung injury. An ethanol extract of Lophatherum gracile was set up to have potent antioxidant exertion and was effective in reducing oxidative stress in a rat model of liver injury. Lophatherum gracile has also been shown to have antimicrobial properties. An ethanol excerpt of Lophatherum gracile had broad-spectrum diapason antimicrobial exertion against a range of bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

 

한의학에서 죽초 또는 일본 산림초로도 알려진 Lophatherum gracile은 수세기 동안 광범위한 질병을 치료하는 데 사용되었습니다. 항염증, 해열 및 이뇨 특성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며 열, 기침 및 염증과 같은 상태를 치료하는 데 사용됩다. 한의학에서 Lophatherum gracile은 달고 차가운 성질을 가진 것으로 간주되며 열을 내리고 배뇨를 촉진하는 데 효과적입니다. 열, 기침 및 기타 호흡기 질환뿐만 아니라 부종 및 배뇨 곤란을 치료하는 데 일반적으로 사용됩니다.

한국에서는 Lophatherum gracile을 "대상"이라고 합니다. 그것은 몸에 냉각 효과가 있다고 믿어지며 열, 염증 및 요로 감염을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다. 또한 이뇨제와 소화 촉진제로도 사용됩니다.

Lophatherum gracile은 플라보노이드, 사포닌 및 페놀산을 포함한 다양한 활성 화합물을 함유하고 있습니다. 플라보노이드는 항염증 및 항산화 특성을 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌습니다. 사포닌은 콜레스테롤을 낮추고 면역 체계를 강화하는 능력으로 알려져 있습니다. 페놀산은 자유 라디칼로 인한 손상으로부터 신체를 보호하는 데 도움이 되는 항산화제입니다.

현대 연구에서는 Lophatherum gracile의 잠재적인 건강상의 이점을 조사했습니다. 연구에 따르면 항 염증 및 항산화 특성이 있습니다. Lophatherum gracile의 물 추출물은 시험관 내에서 상당한 항염증 활성을 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 급성 폐 손상 마우스 모델에서 염증을 줄이는 데 효과적이었습니다. Lophatherum gracile의 에탄올 추출물은 강력한 항산화 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 쥐의 간 손상 모델에서 산화 스트레스를 줄이는 데 효과적이었습니다.

Lophatherum gracile은 또한 항균 특성을 갖는 것으로 나타났습니다. Lophatherum gracile의 에탄올 추출물은 Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli 및 Candida albicans를 포함한 다양한 박테리아 및 진균에 대해 광범위한 항균 활성을 나타냈습니다.

 

 

 

淡竹叶

 

【别名】竹叶门冬青(《分类草药性》)，迷身草(《岭南科学杂志》)，山鸡米(《华南经济禾草植物》)，竹叶麦冬(《中国药植志》)，金竹叶(《广西中兽医药植》)，长竹叶(《江苏植药志》)，山冬、地竹、野麦冬(《广西中药志》)，淡竹米(《药材学》)，林下竹、土麦冬(《闽东本草》)。

 

【汉语拼音】danzhuye

 

【名称英】Lophatheri Herba。

 

【成份】茎、叶含三萜化合物：芦竹素，印白茅素，蒲公英赛醇和无羁萜。另谓地上部分含酚性成分、氨基酸、有机酸、糖类。

 

【加工采集】5～6月未开花时采收，切除须根，晒干。

 

【药材鉴别】干燥带叶的茎枝，全长30～60厘米。商品常已切断。茎枯黄色，中空，扁压状圆柱形，直径1～2毫米；有节，叶鞘抱茎，沿边缘有长而白色的柔毛。叶片披针形，皱缩卷曲，长5～20厘米，宽2～3.5厘米，青绿色或黄绿色，二面无毛或被短柔毛，脉平行，有明显的小横脉，质轻而柔弱。气微弱，味淡。以色青绿、叶大、梗少、无根及花穗者为佳。
产浙江、江苏、湖南、湖北、广东。此外，安徽、江西、四川、福建、河南等地亦产。

 

【药理作用】①解热作用
对人工发热的大白鼠经口给予淡竹叶1～20克/公斤有退热作用，有效成分溶于水而难溶于醇。用大肠杆菌皮下注射使猫和家兔引起人工发热，2克/公斤淡竹叶的解热效价等于33毫克/公斤非那西汀的0.83倍。

②利尿作用
淡竹叶的利尿作用较猪苓、木通等为弱，但其增加尿中氯化物量的排泄则比猪苓等强。

此外尚有增高血糖的作用。

 

【炮制】拣去杂质及根，切段，晒干。

 

 

【功能主治】清心火，除烦热，利小便。治热病口渴，心烦，小便赤涩，淋浊，口糜舌疮，牙龈肿痛。

 

①《纲目》："去烦热，利小便，清心。"

②《生草药性备要》："消痰止渴，除上焦火，明眼目，利小便，治白浊，退热，散痔疮毒。"

③《握灵本草》："去胃热。"

④《本草再新》："清心火，利小便，除烦止渴，小儿痘毒。外症恶毒。"

⑤《草木便方》："消痰，止渴。治烦热，咳喘，吐血，呕哕，小儿惊痫。"

⑥《分类草药性》："治咳嗽气喘，眼捕。"

⑦《现代实用中药》："清凉解热，利尿。治热病口渴，小便涩痛，烦热不寐，牙龈肿痛，口腔炎。"

⑧《广西中药志》："治鼻衄，

 

"【性味】甘淡，寒。

①《纲目》："甘，寒，无毒。"

②《生草药性备要》："味甜辛淡，性寒。"

 

【用法用量】内服：煎汤，3～5钱。

 

【宜忌】《品汇精要》："孕妇勿服。"

 

【贮藏】置干燥处。

 

【副作用】对小白鼠的半数致死量为0.645g/10g。本品对小鼠的半数致死量 为 64.5g／kg。

 

【归经】归心、胃、小肠经。

 

【备注】（1）淡竹叶的块根形似麦冬，华东地区有称之为“竹叶麦冬”者，非中药之麦冬。 （2）淡竹叶并非淡竹Phyllostachys nigra Munro var. henonis （Miff）Stapf. ex Rehd.之叶。 （3）江苏地区有以鸭跖草Commelina communis L.的全草称淡竹叶，二者疗效不同，不宜混用。 （4）用于清心，可与黄连、生地、木通、甘草等配伍；用于渗利湿热，可与滑石、茵陈、通草等同用。 （5）淡竹叶一药，始载于《本草纲目》。它不是淡竹或苦竹的叶（鲜竹叶），而是另一种草本植物“淡竹叶”的叶。由此可知，在明代以前一些常用的有竹叶等药所组成的方剂，它所用的竹叶，都是鲜竹叶，不是淡竹叶。鲜竹叶与淡竹叶两药都能清心除烦、利小便，但鲜竹叶清心热的效果较好，且能凉胃，又能用治上焦风热；淡竹叶的利尿作用较好，以渗湿泄热见长。现在一般药店中大都不备鲜竹叶，如处方只写竹叶，都配淡竹叶。如需用鲜竹叶，必须临时采集。淡竹叶的根，据文献记载，能破血堕胎，有待研究。

 

【植物形态】淡竹叶
多年生草本，高40～100厘米。有短缩而稍木质化的根茎，须根中部常膨大为纺锤形的块根。茎丛生，细长直立，中空，表面有微细的纵纹，基部木质化。叶互生；叶片披针形，长5～20厘米，宽2～3.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形而渐狭缩成柄状，全缘，两面无毛或具小刺毛，脉平行，小横脉明显，中脉在背面明显突起；叶鞘光滑或一边有纤毛；叶舌截形，长0.5～1毫米，质硬，边缘有毛。圆锥花序顶生，长10～30厘米，分枝较少，小穗疏生，长7～12毫米，宽1.5～2.5毫米，伸展或成熟时扩展，基部光滑或被刺毛，具极短的柄；颖矩圆形，具5脉，先端钝，边缘膜质，第一颖较第二颖短；外稃较颖长，披针形，具7～9脉，顶端的数枚外稃中空，先端具短芒，内稃较短，膜质透明；子房卵形，花柱2枚，柱头羽状。花期7～9月。果期10月。
野生于山坡林下及阴湿处。分布河南、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、江西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、云南等地。

本植物的根茎及块根(碎骨子)亦供药用，另详专条。

 

【临床应用】用量6~9克，水煎服。用治热病烦渴，小便赤涩淋痛，口舌生疮。不可治疗感冒、寒热头痛，烦躁胸闷，虚烦不眠。附方：发热、心烦、口渴：淡竹叶3~5克，水煎服。

 

【药用部位】为禾本科植物淡竹叶的全草。